The green hangover captures the gap between climate exuberance and execution. As rates rise and supply chains bite, the green hangover forces a pivot to unit economics, firm capacity, and interoperable demand flexibility.

Feeding billions depends on energy. This article explains the food energy nexus—how ammonia and synthetic fertilizers rely on affordable energy—and outlines a pragmatic path that protects yields while decarbonization scales.

Energy transition economics explains why some swaps—like electric lighting—scale fast while others (ammonia, steel, aviation) remain costly. Energy transition economics helps separate quick wins from hard-to-abate sectors.

Global oil demand still tops 100 mb/d, and global oil demand endures because oil combines energy density, logistics, and affordability that many alternatives haven’t yet matched at scale.