huawei energy management, digital energy, telecom-energy convergence, BESS, virtual power plants, VPP, microgrids, PV inverters, 5G for energy, 3GPP, AI forecasting, EMS platforms, interoperability, Matter protocol, OpenADR, IEEE 1547, OCPP, SunSpec Alliance, MQTT, OPC UA, cybersecurity, NIST CSF, IEC 62443, ISO 27001, GDPR, open APIs, energy-as-a-service, utility partnerships, DER aggregation, market integration

As rooftop PV and batteries spread, decentralized utilities that pivot from commodity supply to energy services—flexibility, EMS, and P2P platforms—will anchor reliability, affordability, and decarbonization.