Subsidies helped launch clean power at scale, but the bill is uneven. This article examines how renewable energy subsidies can evolve—phasing out blanket support, rewarding efficiency, and protecting households.

Hype doesn’t power grids—systems do. This article explains how vaclav smil energy transitions thinking grounds strategy in physics, capital turnover, and social realities, guiding credible policies and investments.

Ideology can’t keep the lights on. This article argues that a balanced energy transition—sequenced, technology-agnostic, and reliability-led—is the only credible way to cut emissions without triggering price shocks or supply risks.